1. Introduction

Hypertension in pregnancy is a common but serious health condition that affects many women worldwide. Often, it develops without clear warning signs, making regular antenatal check-ups extremely important. Many pregnant women feel normal and healthy, yet their blood pressure may be rising silently.

Knowing the symptoms of hypertension in pregnancy, recognizing danger signs, and seeking timely medical care can prevent severe complications for both mother and baby.

2. What Is Hypertension in Pregnancy?

Hypertension in pregnancy refers to high blood pressure that occurs during pregnancy or was present before pregnancy.

A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher on two separate occasions is considered hypertension.

Types of hypertension in pregnancy include:

• Chronic hypertension – present before pregnancy or before 20 weeks
• Gestational hypertension – develops after 20 weeks
• Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) – high BP caused by pregnancy
• Preeclampsia – high BP with organ involvement (like kidneys or liver)

Each type needs careful monitoring to protect maternal and fetal health.

3. Why Is Hypertension Dangerous During Pregnancy?

Hypertension during pregnancy is dangerous because it affects blood flow to vital organs, including the placenta.

If left untreated, hypertension in pregnancy can lead to:

• Reduced blood supply to the baby
• Damage to the mother’s kidneys, liver, brain, or heart
• Premature delivery
• Placental abruption
• Life-threatening complications like eclampsia
• Early detection plays a key role in preventing these risks.4.

4. Common Symptoms of Hypertension in Pregnancy

Many women experience mild symptoms that are often ignored or mistaken as normal pregnancy discomforts.

Common symptoms of hypertension in pregnancy include:

• Frequent headaches
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Swelling of feet and ankles
• Feeling unusually tired
• Mild nausea beyond early pregnancy

These symptoms may seem harmless, but when persistent, they should not be ignored.

5. Major Symptoms of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) usually appears after 20 weeks and may worsen rapidly.

Major symptoms include:

• Severe or continuous headaches
• Sudden swelling of face, hands, or eyes
• Blurred vision or seeing spots
• Chest pain or shortness of breath
• Sudden weight gain due to fluid retention

These symptoms indicate rising blood pressure and require medical evaluation.

6. Silent Symptoms: When Hypertension Shows No Sign

One of the most dangerous aspects of hypertension in pregnancy is that it can be completely silent.

Many women:

• Feel normal
• Have no pain
• Have no visible symptoms

This is why hypertension is often called a “silent killer” during pregnancy. Regular blood pressure checks and urine tests during antenatal visits are the only way to detect it early.

7. Red Flag Symptoms That Need Immediate Medical Attention

Some symptoms are warning signs and need urgent medical care.

Red flag symptoms include:

• Severe headache not relieved by rest
• Sudden loss or blurring of vision
• Severe upper abdominal pain
• Reduced urine output
• Seizures or fainting
• Sudden breathlessness

These symptoms may indicate severe preeclampsia or eclampsia and should never be delayed.

8. How Hypertension Affects the Baby

Hypertension in pregnancy can reduce blood flow to the placenta, which directly affects the baby’s growth.

Possible effects on the baby include:

• Low birth weight
• Poor growth inside the womb
• Preterm birth
• Low oxygen supply
• Increased risk of stillbirth in severe cases

Proper monitoring and timely treatment help improve baby outcomes significantly.

9. When Should You See a Doctor?

You should see a doctor immediately if:

• Your blood pressure is consistently high
• You experience any warning or red flag symptoms
• You notice sudden swelling or vision changes
• You feel something is “not normal” in your body

Even if you feel fine, regular prenatal check-ups are essential to monitor hypertension in pregnancy.

10. FAQs